Delaunay triangulation is already suggested in a comment, but here's a simple receipe. It uses freeware which will not cause licensing problems.
Get Inkscape, draw dots, select them and apply extension Generate from Path > Voronoi Diagram > Delaunay Triangulation.
A fast way to insert plenty of dots is to use the shape sprayer.
Here's 2 examples:
The upper set is sprayed, the lower set has a few separately drawn shapes.
The dots stay individual objects, the generated pattern is a group, which contains triangles with overlapping edges.
You can save the SVG file and open it in Illustrator. There you can make colorings and add effects just like for native Illustrator drawings:
There are triangles instead of separate lines to make colorings easy. If you want separate lines without overlaps, you can in Illustrator select the triangles and apply Pathfinder panel > Outline. Then insert a new stroke and ungroup, if needed.
A hint: In Inkscape let the triangle pattern have different stroke color than the dots. Let for ex. the dots be strokeless, but filled equally. Then you can in Illustrator use "Select same" for selections (after ungrouping).