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My logo is composed only of vector lines. Its dimensions are 1051 x 194.
When I Layer > Transform > Scale the logo to a smaller size (eg 170 x 32), some of the lines disappear; in particular the vertical lines.
Why is this happening and how can I prevent it? Seems like such a basic thing that Sketch should be able to handle!
Vector images are still dependent on rendering on a screen for display purposes, and these screens are made of pixels.
If the lines are too thin when scaled (like much less than a pixel on a monitor/screen), then that's probably why they are disappearing. Try increasing the stroke width before rescaling, or redesign the logo so it looks good at small or large sizes.
The same thing happens in other vector software, and so it's not Sketch specific.
This animation shows what happens in Inkscape (another vector image editor), and how when zooming in the lines are still there.
Billy Kerr was right. Vectors disappear if it's too small.
It's better to convert vector lines to vector shapes using "Layer -> Convert to Outlines" to gain more flexibility and understand what's happening with the shape.
Sketch app's minimum size to render vector shapes is 0.5 pixel. Sketch's vector shape's width/height must be greater than 0.5 to render in display canvas.
Sketch scale option doesn't show the error message if you reduce the size of a shape lower than 0.5 pixel since some people use it to hide shape. It shows error message only if you manually edit the width/height of a shape
