What you may try to do is to use Image Assets
Generator plugin (comes with Photoshop from CC2017 I think?). It works like this:
- Enable it in
File > Generator > Image Assets
menu;
- rename artboards you want to export to
subfolder/imagename.png
;
- ah, that's all. The assets are exported automatically.
You can also add things like sizes to names (subfolder/25% imagename.jpg
). More information can be found here.

Note that this will export the assets to subfolders in the root folder of your PSD. If you need to export every artboard to a completely different location, I believe your options are limited to writing your own image exporter script (may be difficult and time consuming) or having an additional simple script that would copy all the files to the needed locations after you run Export As
.
Export As
command, Design Phoenix...