As already said by others, the logo is a bitmap (=raster) image packed inside a file which can contain as well vector and bitmap images.
After removing the clipping masks in your file in Illustrator a white logo with transparent background appeared. To make it yellow use either Photoshop or GIMP which both allow recoloring bitmap images without losing the transparency. The image is in RGB mode. Know that GIMP doesn't make CMYK color files, you need Photoshop or other CMYK-capable image editor if a file with CMYK colors is needed (see NOTE2).
Another possibility is to use it as Opacity Mask for an yellow rectangle in Illustrator:

To get a CMYK version proceed in CMYK Illustrator document and use a rectangle with CMYK yellow. Export the result as high resolution CMYK mode *.PSD or TIF (to be placed in Indesign). You do not lose the quality because the image was already rasterized.
The non-flattened PSD export contains a solid yellow layer and the logo will become its layer mask. A flattened PSD export has a single layer. The background is still transparent.
NOTE1: A bitmap image is not the best possible format for logos because it loses its sharpness if scaled. Your image fortunately is about 1200 px wide, so one could print it acceptably as 10 cm wide or smaller. If you need a bigger size check if you find a way to get a vector version.
It's possible that you cannot get the original vector version (=paths, maybe also text objects and Illustrator's effects, but no bitmap image content) into your hands. In that case you may wonder how to turn the existing logo bitmap to a vector. Saving the AI file doesn't make it - the logo stays as bitmap, no matter which file format you try.
In theory you can trace the logo in Illustrator. It converts the bitmap to vector, but the result probably will be poor. You will see rounded corners and other unwanted twists which need so many manual fixes that as well you redraw the whole image as vector.
NOTE2: RGB colors could be converted to CMYK even in the print PDF, but the result may only resemble the original distantly, if there's bright unprintable RGB colors. People pay the premium to Adobe because their programs (when used properly) can pretend the printed result as one makes the layout.
ADD in May 2022: GIMP 2.10 understands CMYK print profiles, it can show the CMYK printing result and can show a warning if something is unprintable (=out of gamut) in CMYK. This all is availabe in the real time when one edits his RGB image in GIMP. The actual conversion to CMYK must still be done outside GIMP, for ex. in Krita, if one wants to use Freeware.