The image is too complex for a good auto trace in Inkscape. The blurs and gradients won't trace well. If you try to do a colour scan, then it will also probably end up too complex for Blender, which I suspect might be the source of the problem (although this is just a guess).
So with that in mind, what I would do is try to create the SVG so that it's as simple as possible. What follows isn't a tutorial, it's just the basic steps.
- Do a Trace Bitmap with a Single Scan and Brightness Cut-Off to get the black outlines in Inkscape. You'll have to tweak the threshold to get a good result. You may also have to clean up some of the curves manually after applying the trace.
Use the Fill Bounded Areas tool (aka Bucket Fill tool) to make the areas of colour. Forget trying to apply blurs or gradients, just keep the colours as simple flat fills.
Manually redraw any lines/pieces of the design that got missed in the trace process, and convert all strokes into paths.
Ungroup everything repeatedly so that there are no groups left.
Save as file type: Plain SVG
I tested this workflow. An SVG created this way can be imported into Blender as you can see. Note that I scaled up the SVG because it was tiny when first imported into Blender.
Note that while this may work, the construction via an auto trace and bucket filled pieces might still be more complex than desirable. It really depends what you are going to do with it once you get it into Blender. It might be better all round to redraw the SVG manually, recreating all the shapes with proper strokes and fills. This would make it even simpler, and probably easier to deal with in Blender.
