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I'm trying to organize a list of colors for a puzzle game. I can find reliable lists (names and colors values) of the primary, secondary, and tertiary RGB colors - but I can't find any reliable list beyond this.
Color wheels either leave them out, or pile them in with millions of other colors and no names.
Is there any reliable source for a list of color considered "quaternary" and possibly even colors in layers beyond that?
I used the list of RYB quaternary colours at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_color#Tertiary-_and_quaternary-color_terms to fill in some of the gaps between the CMY tertiary colours.
I've listed the CMY tertiary colours from that article and indented proposed names for the quaternary colours.
I got these names by translating the CMY colour names into RYB equivalents and then looking for the names of intermediate CMY colours. I used the following equivalencies
The CMY colour will be more saturated than the RYB equivalent.
Citron is a tertiary colour, a combination of green and orange, which lands between yellow and chartreuse on the colour wheel. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RBG_color_wheel.svg) Likewise, russet (orange and RYB purple, or orange and CMY magenta), coincides with crimson, half-way between rose and red.
I couldn't get the quaternary colours from blue to green from that page, so the suggestions above are just for completeness.
I made a list with alternate color names included. This is the first CMYK/RGB QUINARY-inclusion Color Wheel EVER! In some cases, the colors actually had no name, so I simply listed them with the names of their two nearest colors (example: Cyanish Capri). The RGB Color Values are restricted to the following values: 0, 32, 64, 96, 128, 159, 223 & 255. I used http://www.color-hex.com/color-names.html, http://chir.ag/projects/name-that-color/ & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_color
Tertiary colors are created by combining adjacent primary and secondary colors. For example with the traditional primary and secondary colors our tertiary colors would be vermilion (red + orange), amber (yellow + orange), chartreuse (yellow + green), teal (blue + green), violet (blue + purple), and magenta (red + purple). Note, this magenta is not quite the same as that found in the CMY color set.
The tertiary colors for the RGB and CMY sets are azure (cyan + blue), violet (blue + magenta), rose (magenta + red), orange (red + yellow), chartreuse (yellow + green), and spring green (green + cyan).
Another group of tertiary colors can be created by mixing secondary colors: the quaternary colors, the names for the twelve quaternary colors are more variable, if they exist at all, though indigo and scarlet are standard for blue–violet and red–vermilion.
From the mix of the previous colors we get quinary colors, which are, roughly, varying shades of gray, this is way there are no specific names beyond the tertiary colors. The more you mix the colors the harder it is for the human eye to detect those differences.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_color#Tertiary-_and_quaternary-color_terms https://uwaterloo.ca/stratford-campus/comment/reply/627
At https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_color#Tertiary-_and_quaternary-color_terms there's a column named "Quaternary CMY" that lists 24 hue names.
What no one seems to list however is names for values and saturations. A hue name combined with a value+saturation name gives the full HSV information and allows the color to be decoded.
https://colornamer2.netlify.com is a color namer based on this principle. In total, the "color name 1" method can generate 45 unique color names, while "color name 2" can generate 249 unique color names.
The graph of all color names generated by "color name 1" is:
I deliberately avoided using the term "light" (except for "Light Gray") as it might lead to confusion as "light green" could as well mean the Bright Green to distinguish it from "green" which sometimes means the Dark Green, or it could mean the Pale Green when thinking in HSL terms.
The graph of all color names generated by "color name 2" is:
I added the prefixes "Extra-" and "Semi-" (analogous to the font weights "Extralight", "Semilight", "Semibold", "Extrabold") to interpolate between #BLACK/Dark/Bright and Bright/Pale/#WHITE and similarly for the grays, and the remaining two are named "Faded" and "Weak" inspired by the 6×6×6 RGB colorcube naming system from http://www.visibone.com/color/poster4x.html .
(note: the number of saturations available for a specific brightness varies depending on the brightness)
Edit: Here's a saturation/value chart of colors being converted to color names and back to canonical colors, in "colorname1" and "colorname2":
Edit: Doubling the resolution of this color naming system is an interesting challenge. Someone else already named 48 hues (although the hue name "Bright Green" would be confusing as Bright is already used as a value/saturation name and Bright Green is already a named color of the system), however, there's also 26 more value/saturation combinations to name.
Edit: Here is the current list of trusted names: 
How "official" do the colour names need to be exactly?
The first thing I thought of was looking at colour names given to paint by companies such as Dulux they use names for a whole range of shades and tones.
My 2 cents.
1) There are no standard list of names of colors. The link allcaps provided in the comment is a funny explanation why. https://blog.xkcd.com/2010/05/03/color-survey-results/
2) If you want a "standard" list of RGB colors, one possible reference is the w3 list of extended color names: https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color
3) The concept of tertiary and quaternary is only related of a painting process, where you needed a methodology to reconstruct a specific color in a progressive way.
In RGB mode you do not construct a color mixing equal parts of a primary color, and then mixing it with another part of a primary color etc. You just assign values, so the concept does not work here. You can not find such a list, because I doubt anyone really needs it or has made it. Probably it is a fun exercise.
4) But, based on a standard color name list like the one I provided, and making your own calculations you could measure the RGB values and choose what color name is approximate of the values. It needs some work but can be achieved in a couple of hours.
This is a mixture of common names and my own inventions (in cases where there are no common names).
Quaternaries in roman, tertiaries in italics, secondaries in bold, primaries in both
Reds:
Oranges:
Yellows:
Greens:
Cyans:
Blues:
Purples:
Pinks:
