The general process you could use is:
(1) Create a template in Illustrator that looks like the donut chart and has the labels you want, with placeholder text and graph. The hurdle is that Illustrator only has a pie chart, not a donut chart.
(2) For every text element, make sure it's in its own layer/ sublayer and has a unique name/id.
(3) Use Illustrator's "variables" feature to pull in the data you need for each of the 50 graphs. (You can copy/ paste from a spreadsheet, or use a script someone created, to pull in the data from a CSV file. Link below.)
(4) Install an Illustrator script available free (info in the YouTube video I've linked below)
(5) Create an Illustrator action to save each chart that you will create (50 of them).
(6) Run a free script (info in the video link below) to apply the action to each of your 50 charts. (Each will be saved to a different file.)
This is a really long video (nearly 1.5 hours), but it's the only one I've found so far that shows how you can auto-create a graph (bar graph) using this technique: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqmcjN-aQMk
Again, I'm not sure you can produce a donut chart out of this.
Alternately, Adobe does have a Web app, created in partnership with Georgia Tech, at http://data-illustrator.com/. It does not currently have a donut nor pie chart, but may in the future. It allows charts you create to be saved to SVG, which can then be pulled into Illustrator and customized. But it's not going to solve having to easily create 50 similar charts.