You can not create an Illustrator document without an artboard. All Illustrator files have at least 1 artboard.
However... to deal with your InDesign issue.... when choosing Place
, tick the Show Import Options
box (in the InDesign Place dialog window) and then find the Illustrator file and click OK
.

Then a second dialog will pop up allowing you to choose what you want to import, for example, you can choose to crop the import to just the Art
as opposed to the Media
(artboard).

This allows you to import the Illustrator artwork into InDesign based upon the artwork bounds, rather than the artboard size.