It would be easy to say: Get 3D!
But actually this can be done in Illustrator or at least it's possible to make something resembling. Blending is the key as you have guessed.
Blending grey disks with a black stroke AND inserting a curved spine gives this:
The curved spine must be circular for apparently uniform cylinder curvature. I used only a half circle, but your example has more, nearly 3/4.
The stroke is actually needed only to show the borders of the pieces. Make it as thin as possible, but you can still see it. It helps the actual coloring. I thinned it soon because it covered too much.
With shape builder one can fill half of the grey areas to white after the blend is expanded and ungrouped. Filling is a slow job because there are so many crossing curves, but it creates the white belts as individual objects. Select all, click the shape builder tool, select fill color and paint over areas which belong to the same belt.
The shape builder is destructive tool. Fix an error immediately with Ctrl+Z.
Actually also the grey areas should be united to belts, because you may want to recolor them. That fortunately is possible easily with the pathfinder panel after all white belts are ready. Select one grey piece, goto Select > Same > Fill color, Click Unite in the Pathfinder panel, Ungroup. Select a color for the grey areas and remove the strokes if you do not want to keep them. My white belts have a thin stroke for better visibility on the white artboard.
Finally one can draw a couple of white rings to the visible end and insert a background, if that's needed. I haven't it.
The rings cannot be exactly round nor uniformly wide if you wan to imitate a rounded end. I applied the stroke width tool to a couple of circles.
The final shape could have slight gradients instead of pure black and white to make it more 3D-like. That's called "shading". It's often a substantial percentage of the work and needs much practicing before the eye starts to see what's needed.
In 3D there's several possible ways to build this shape. For example one can extrude a circle along a helix curve to get the curved cylinder. Doing it in pieces generates the separately colorable zones. The rounded end can be an inserted half sphere which is splitted to separately colorable segments. 3D has several advantages:
- automatically correct 2D projections, no matter how complex is the object, several variations with zero effort
- automatic shading, nearly zero effort needed for light variations
- surfaces can have textures and images, automatic realistic projections and shading for them, too (inserting them can be complex)
- limitless complex scene building possiblities
A detailed 3D receipe is beyond the scope of this answer.