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I saw this effect of concentric circles discretely fading out (background of the image one).

I thought this was a circular gradient (radial-gradient).

But other images didn't seem to have a similar effect when I searched the term.

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And another similar image that I saw uses the same kind of effect but it is not circular.

Image 2

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Then I thought the effect I'm looking for was discrete color gradient. Which lead me to this page.

Is there a standard name for this kind of effect?

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    you're not asking about the gradient, you're asking about the "banding" effect in both these gradients, right? Because you already know the second one is not a radial blur, and the colors are not so discretely fading out, there are these "steps" between colors. Is that what you want to know?
    – Luciano
    Commented Jul 1, 2019 at 7:14
  • Yes, that's what I want to know. The effect on the background which you're referring to as the "banding" effect. Commented Jul 1, 2019 at 12:28

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I'd normally call it an undesirable artefact caused by high data compression or low bit-rate [see colour banding], but try 'posterisation' for an intentional method..

The first one I'm sure is unintentional colour banding, the second looks like true posterisation.

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