What are some graphic design environments that are fundamentally markup-code-based?
In other words, an environment where you do graphic design not with a WYSIWYG-style drag-and-drop interface, but rather by describing/experimenting with a graphic design via writing declarative code.
One example is the Blueprint CSS Framework.
Off the top of my head:
Some of these have work-environments to make it easier but all of them are code based and can be done in a regular text editor. Except Cinder which is more advanced and required a platform to code C++ in. If nothing else though Cinder's website gallery and forum gallery has some really amazing projects.
This question is quite vague as-is. Are you referring to markup? Code? Both? Anything non-WYSIWG?
What do you mean by design? Just the visual presentation?
CSS is a way to add visual presentation to markup, in this case HTML. HTML could be considered design in the sense of information design and content design. But it's not necessarily visual in and of itself. JS is technically code, not markup. But JS can certainly manipulate the visual design, and also create interaction design layers on top of the visual design.
And there's other markup languages that can be styled as well...XML, SVG, PostScript, etc.
As for your example of 'blueprint CSS framework' that's a particular pre-built set of CSS rules. If that's what you are asking, then there are plenty of CSS frameworks out there.
Blueprint is an all around CSS framework, it doesn't make you design a complete website.
Talking about html, as today i can recommend those tools who can help develop your website UI, as alternatives to Blueprint:
For graphics and interactions, you can use
Other non html language for design and typography may include TeX.
